INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING REPORT
Training
Taken at:
LAKSHMI
MACHINE WORKS Ltd, COIMBATORE
&
SIMTA Ltd,
COIMBATORE
SUBMITTED
BY
SATHYA PRAKASH.G
2K2-177
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KURUKSHETRA
INTORDUCTION:
In
this modern world we are seeing computers and electronics have taken a lead
role in the development of a country. Computers are able to do any cumbersome
work in an easy way. In the same way, Computers are playing a significant role
in the machining process. This resulted in the Computerised Numerical Control
(CNC) operations of Lathe, Vertical Machining Centre (VMC) and Horizontal
Machining Centre (HMC).
These computerized operations have reduced costs involving in the
production by reducing number of workers, time involved in the production. This
also facilitates the quicker supply of products to customers.
ADVANTAGES OF CNC OVER NC:
For the majority of NC users, NC is about
productivity and flexibility - making a lot of parts, and many different parts,
on one machine tool. This was true even before computer numerical control (CNC)
superseded an earlier generation of machine tools that did not have the benefit
of microprocessor-based control technology. Today's CNC machines are flexible,
productive and capable.
What makes CNC so flexible and productive
is the ability to run different workpiece programs. With the right program,
machining is a pushbutton affair. Provided that the proper cutting tools and
setup fixtures are available, all a CNC machine needs to begin automatically
machining a new and different workpiece is a new and different program.
How to create those new and different
programs has taken various approaches. Many CNC machines can be programmed on
the shop floor, with the operator entering data at the control panel. This
method has been very popular, especially for simpler workpieces. Programs can
also be prepared "off-line," away from the machine tool, using
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. This method is most often used for
more complex workpieces. However, the latest CAM software for the PC (personal
computer) provides many automated features that make NC programming largely a
pushbutton affair, regardless of how simple or complex the workpiece might be.
MACHINE SHOP
LAYOUT OF THE MACHINE SHOP:
When we have number of machines in a factory, only layout of the factory can give a clear idea about the machines available and arrangement of these machines. So I have prepared the layout of the Lakshmi Machine Tool Division’s Machine Shop.
1. PLANO MILLER
2. SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE (NC)
3. HARDENING MACHINE
4. CNC LATHE
5. CNC LATHE
6. VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
7. VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
8. VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
9. VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
10. CNC
LATHE
11. UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE
12. RADIAL DRILLING
13. RADIAL DRILLING
14. HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTRE
15. SURFACE GRINDING
16. SURFACE GRINDING
17. VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
18. HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTRE
19. HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTRE
20. VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
21. DEEP HOLE DRILLING MACHINE
22. LATHE (NC)
23. HONING
24. KEYWAY BROACHING
25. LATHE (NC)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LATHE AND MILLING
MACHINES:
The main difference between a lathe and a mill is that on a lathe, the work turns and the cutting tool is stationary, while on a mill, the tool turns and the work is stationary. Because of the tremendous number of operations that can be performed on a vertical mill, it is commonly regarded as the most important machine in the modern machine shop. At first glance a vertical mill looks similar to a drill press, but there are some important differences, such as a spindle that can take side-loads as well as end loads and an accurate method of moving the work in relation to the spindle on all three axes.
Operations such as milling, fly cutting, precision drilling, and boring are all routine tasks for the milling machines. Because the tool turns rather than the work, much larger parts may be worked on in a mill (these parts need not be round). The work is securely held, thus extremely accurate hole patterns can be drilled or bored using the vertical mill. The longer "X-axis" throw also increases the machine's versatility over that of the Lathe with the vertical milling column attachment. It is an extremely rigid, accurate tool which accomplishes tough machining jobs with ease.