INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING REPORT
Training
Taken at:
LAKSHMI
MACHINE WORKS Ltd, COIMBATORE
&
SIMTA Ltd,
COIMBATORE
SUBMITTED
BY
SATHYA PRAKASH.G
2K2-177
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KURUKSHETRA
HONING:
Precision Honing is a process by which
material is removed from cylinder internal diameters using rotating expanding
tooling with high tech abrasives. Special refined honing equipment is utilized
for this. Abrasive stones are used to remove minute amounts of material in
order to tighten the tolerance on cylindricity. Honing is a surface finish
operation, not a gross geometry-modifying operation.
KEYWAY
BROACHING:
The broach is a special purpose tool, which has a series of regularly spaced teeth. Each tooth of the tool has a different height and the height is in a progressively, increasing order. Due to it, each tooth participates in the cutting action. So, keyways can be cut on a shaft without much stress on the work-piece since material removal is almost same and less for each tooth in broach. Broach is in the form of a bar of different cross section along its length. The most common type is a circular broach.
The cutting action of the broach can be divided into three parts- roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. All the three operations are done by one tool in its cutting stroke. The roughing teeth take maximum depth of cut and finishing teeth take the minimum. The last four or five teeth do not participate in the cutting action. These are burnishing teeth and they only spread out the micro crests and thus, produce a smooth and even surface. The teeth are nicked by a small amount, which provides discontinuous chip and reduces the stresses on the cutting edges.
RADIAL
DRILLING:
Generally, Radial Drilling is employed where we need to drill
to the center of large work piece, or drill holes at odd angles.
JIGS:
A jig is a device in which a component is held and located for a specific operation in such a way that it will guide one or more cutting tools to the same zone of machining. The use is economically feasible, if this operation is to be performed on more than one component. The usual machining operations for jigs are drilling and reaming.
FIXTURES:
This device locates and holds the component for a specific operation but it does not guide the cutting tool. Fixtures are classified according to the kinds of operation in which they are used.
USEFULNESS OF
JIGS AND FIXTURES:
The jigs and fixtures to be used depend upon the type of product and the method of production. The larger the output, the more economically feasible it is to employ jigs and fixtures. The less the volume of production, the more limited are the advantages to be expected by the use of jigs and fixtures. It is advantageous to use them for several reasons and a few of these are listed as under:
1. Eliminates the laborious marking out of each work-piece before machining and consequently, eliminates costly setting up according to the marking lines on machine tool beds.
2. Increase machining accuracy and ensures inter-changeability because the work-piece is automatically located without aligning on the machine tool and also, the cutting tool is guided while machining.
3. Increases productivity due to increase in the speed, feed and depth of cut. This becomes possible with a jig or fixture due to high clamping rigidity.
4. Increases productivity due to simultaneous machining of work-piece at more than one cutting zone or the use of number of cutting tools operating simultaneously as well as due to reduction in handling time associated with setting up and aligning of the work-piece on the machine tool.
5. Save the operation labour.
6. Allows the deployment of unskilled and semi-skilled labour.
7. Decreases the expenditure on quality control of the machined parts.
8. Widens the technological capacity of machine tools i.e.. increases the versatility of machining performed.
9. Either fully or partly automates the machine tool.
10. Facilitates assembly and also helps future upkeep due to uniformity of manufacturing tolerances and promotes inter-changeability.